Zanimivo

Zakaj modre oči?

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V osnovi daje očem barvo pigment melanin. Njegove molekule se nahajajo v koži, v kožnem pokrivalu in v epitelu očesne mrežnice sesalcev.

In zgolj od količine tega pigmenta je odvisno, kakšne barve oči oz. šarenice bo imel določen osebek. Šarenica je sestavljena iz dveh lističev in količina pigmenta melanina v notranjem in zunanjem  lističu šarenice določa barvo oči pri psih. Najpogostejša barva je v različnih tonih rjave. Če pa na zunanjem lističu ni pigmenta, na notranjem pa je, je prednja oz. zunanja plast prozorna in v tem primeru je barva šarenice videti modra. Gre torej za delno odsotnost pigmenta. Pri t.i. albinih pa oči sploh nimajo pigmenta, v tem primeru je njihova barva rdeča.

Modre oči povezujemo tudi z navzočnostjo t.i. gena merle, ki je razširjen pri nekaterih ovčarskih pasmah, na primer pri avstralskem ovčarju. Ti psi imajo tudi značilno marogasto (”merle”) barvo kožuha. Strogo gledano gre za dedno motnjo, povezano s pigmentiranjem, kar pa v pasemskem standardu ni označeno kot hiba. Hiba oz. motnja v barvi kožuha je povezana tudi z barvo oči, saj imajo takšni psi pogosto modro obarvane oči. Do težav lahko pride, če imata oba starša gen ”merle”, saj ga bodo podedovali tudi potomci. Po raziskavah, ki so jih opravili, so ugotovili, da so pri četrtini teh, t.i. homozigotnih psov prisotne gluhost in bolezni oči, ne glede na to, kako je obarvana njihova šarenica.

Nasploh v naravi motnje, povezane s pigmentiranjem, povezujejo s težavami s sluhom. To pa vsekakor ne pomeni, da so modre oči same po sebi znak, da je z živaljo karkoli narobe. Prav tako je napačno sklepanje, da je vsak pes z modrimi očmi nosilec faktorja ”merle”. Sicer pa je za modre oči odgovoren tudi neodvisni gen, ki se na primer pojavlja pri haskiju. Niso tako redki primeri, ko se pri tej pasmi pojavi eno modro oko, tako da ima pes različno obarvani očesi.

Nasploh barva oči pri psih, podobno kot pri ljudeh, nima kdove koliko opraviti s sposobnostjo čutila za vid.

avtor: rš, objavljeno v reviji Moj pes

 

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