Zdravje & nega

Zdravljenje alergij – kako poteka?

Strokovnjaki zdravljenje alergij izvajajo na tri načine. Prvi način je izogibanje alergenom, drugi način je imunoterapija in tretji način je simptomatsko zdravljenje.

Zdravljenje alergij je seveda odvisno od tega, za kakšno alergijo gre. Če gre za alergijo na hrano je zdravljenje na način izogibanja alergenom povsem možno in uspešno. Z ustrezno sestavljeno dieto alergenov ne vnašamo v organizem.

Zunanjim alergenom pa se je praktično nemogoče popolnoma izogniti. Za to vrsto alergije (preobčutljivost na okoljske alergene, strokovno atopijski dermatitis) k sreči obstaja drugi način zdravljenja, ki se imenuje imunoterapija (desenzibilizacija).

Gre za namensko vnašanje alergenov, na katere je žival preobčutljiva. Veterinar najprej s pomočjo testa ugotovi, na katere alergene je pes preobčutljiv. Nato naroči laboratoriju izdelavo zdravila, ki vsebuje določene alergene. Zdravilo se nato vnaša v organizem v obliki podkožnih injekcij ali razpršil preko ustne sluznice. Ob tem se celice imunskega sistema živali srečajo z alergeni in sčasoma se delovanje sistema spremeni v smislu, da postane bolj odporen nanje. Imunski sistem preobčutljivih psov se namreč na sicer običajne snovi v okolju odziva pretirano, s pomočjo imunoterapije se pa nanje ne odziva več tako burno. Kot pravi sogovornica, izr. prof. dr. Tina Kotnik, dr. vet. med., ima to zdravljenje zelo visok odstotek odzivnosti pri psih in mačkah, kar je blizu 80 %.

Tretji način zdravljenja je simptomatsko zdravljenje, ki naslavlja znake bolezni. Bolezni sicer ne pozdravi, temveč blaži njene simptome. Ta način zdravljenja je dobrodošel na začetku bolezni, ko želimo živali lajšati simptome, preden nam uspe ugotoviti vzrok bolezni. Žal pa je ta način zdravljenja tudi edini pri tisti živali, kjer se alergenov, na katere je preobčutljiva, ne da ugotoviti. K sreči je takih živali manjši delež.

Špela Šimenc v sodelovanju z izr. prof. dr. Tino Kotnik, dr. vet. med. (celoten prispevek je objavljen v reviji Moj pes, april, maj 2020)

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